Medical Definition of Diabetes Mellitus
A group of metabolic diseases characterized by
hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or
both is called Diabetes mellitus.
Types of diabetes mellitus
Type 1 - A chronic condition in
which the pancreas produces little or no insulin also known as juvenile
diabetes or insulin dependent diabetes.
Type 2 - A chronic condition
that affects the way body processes (metabolize) blood glucose or sugar also
consider as adult onset or non-insulin dependent diabetes.
Type 3 - During pregnancy, some
women have such high levels of blood glucose that their body is unable to
produce enough insulin to absorb it all. This is known as gestational diabetes.
Somehow an additional type of diabetes also
includes as the resistance of insulin to brain due to Alzheimer’s disease.
What causes diabetes?
The cause of diabetes is defined as, when body
is unable to break down glucose into energy because there is either not enough
insulin to move the glucose, or the insulin produced does not work properly causes
diabetes.
It also include the amount of sugar in the
blood is controlled by a hormone called insulin, which is produced by the
pancreas (a gland behind the stomach). There is also a possibility studied by
the US Brown Medical School research team identified the possibility of a new cause
of diabetes after finding that insulin is produced by the brain as well as the
pancreas so if anything goes wrong with the organs also cause diabetes.
Body Mechanics related to diabetes
In 2013 it was estimated that over 382 million
people throughout the world had diabetes (Williams textbook of endocrinology).
Diabetes (diabetes mellitus) is considered as
a metabolism disorder. The way our body uses, digested food for energy and
growth is called metabolism. Most of what we eat is broken down into complex to
simple form ( glucose ). Glucose is a simple form of sugar in the blood - it is
the central source of fuel for our body.
When our food is digested or breaks down in
simple form, the glucose makes its way into our bloodstream. Our cells use the
glucose for energy and growth. However, glucose cannot enter our cells without
insulin being present - insulin makes it possible for our cells to take in the
glucose.
Insulin is a hormone, produced by the
pancreas. The pancreas automatically releases suitable quantity of insulin, to
move the glucose present in our blood into the cells after eating, as soon as
glucose enters the cells blood-glucose levels decrease.
Furthermore, a condition in which the quantity
of glucose in the blood is too elevated (hyperglycemia). This is because the
body either does not produce enough insulin, produces no insulin, or has cells
that do not respond properly to the insulin the pancreas produces which may
lead too much glucose building up in the blood. This excess level of blood
glucose finally passes out in urine from body. So, even though the blood has
plenty of glucose, the cells are not getting it for their essential energy and
growth requirements.
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